In Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins’ “Life Among the Piutes,” many different words are used to describe her and her people’s feelings towards the white emigrants passing through their land. Pleased, love, afraid. These words and feelings were not formed quickly, but cultivated over years of encounters. Over those years, the perceptions the Piutes held towards the whites shifted. In this post, we discuss what those shifts were and how they happened.
The first encounter the Piutes had with white was generally neutral; friendly on the Piute part and wary and the white part (pp. 415). Despite the lukewarm beginning, bonds were eventually made as the chief began to befriend the whites and aid them as gifts began to be exchanged: “Everybody was so pleased; nothing like it was ever seen in our country before” (pp. 416). After this, positive encounters picked up with more gifts, communication, and allies. The relationship was so good that Hopkins remarked, “They had learned to love them, and they hoped more of them would come” (pp. 417). Many seasons were spent and the allyship between the whites and the Piutes seems to be a solid bond. Gifts and help in war are not just given to strangers. The good bond lasted a decent amount of time, until word came from neighboring nations and friends that a band of white travelers was killing anyone they came upon. This instantly dashed any friendliness with whites as the chief ordered them to go into the mountains. The positive feelings that were had were quickly replaced that at one warning, this was people’s response: “Oh, and what a fright we all got one morning to hear some white people were coming” (pp. 418). Despite their good past, new bands of travelers were not so kind and soiled the relationship with the native people. Trust and friendship were replaced by a wariness and fear. Stories were told of the white people, dreams about bloodshed and death and grieving, a far cry from what the relationship once was. But things got worse.
For no discernible reason, some white men killed and wounded some Piutes that were fishing. This caused the Piute nation to feel retaliative towards the men that killed their own (pp. 423). What was once a solid relationship eventually turned to violence towards each other. The views the Piutes had for the whites slowly shifted throughout the years as the treatment towards them worsened.
All in all, the Piute people had a positive relationship with the whites but that relationship slowly devolved through a series of attacks and negative experiences and deaths until the bond was unraveled. How the Piutes viewed the whites in the area certainly changed.